{"id":3578,"date":"2024-10-23T12:31:55","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T09:01:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/samandezh.com\/ar-ae\/?p=3578"},"modified":"2024-12-03T12:48:17","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T09:18:17","slug":"top-down-vs-bottom-up-method","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/samandezh.com\/ar-ae\/top-down-vs-bottom-up-method\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0648 &#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221;: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 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\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0648&#8221;Bottom-Up&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_69_1 ez-toc-wrap-right counter-flat ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #15215b;color:#15215b\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" 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title=\"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\">\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/samandezh.com\/ar-ae\/top-down-vs-bottom-up-method\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%E2%80%9CTop-Down%E2%80%9D_%D9%88%E2%80%9DBottom-Up%E2%80%9D\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a 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href=\"https:\/\/samandezh.com\/ar-ae\/top-down-vs-bottom-up-method\/#%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8\" title=\"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/samandezh.com\/ar-ae\/top-down-vs-bottom-up-method\/#%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B%D8%9F\" title=\"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u061f\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/samandezh.com\/ar-ae\/top-down-vs-bottom-up-method\/#%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%8A_%E2%80%9CTop-Down%E2%80%9D_%D9%88%E2%80%9DBottom-Up%E2%80%9D\" title=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0648&#8221;Bottom-Up&#8221;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0648&#8221;Bottom-Up&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/samandezh.com\/ar-ae\/top-down-vs-bottom-up-method\/#%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9\" title=\"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\">\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/samandezh.com\/ar-ae\/top-down-vs-bottom-up-method\/#%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9\" title=\"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/samandezh.com\/ar-ae\/top-down-vs-bottom-up-method\/#%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9\" title=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/samandezh.com\/ar-ae\/top-down-vs-bottom-up-method\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%9F\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u0646: &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0648&#8221;Bottom-Up&#8221;. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%E2%80%9CTop-Down%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%E2%80%9CBottom-Up%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 &#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221; \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 (\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%E2%80%9CTop-Down%E2%80%9D_%D9%88%E2%80%9DBottom-Up%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0648&#8221;Bottom-Up&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 &#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f &#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221; \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%E2%80%9CTop-Down%E2%80%9D_%D9%88%E2%80%9DBottom-Up%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0648&#8221;Bottom-Up&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;Top-Down&#8221;: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0645\u0629.<br \/>\n&#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221;: \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%E2%80%9CTop-Down%E2%80%9D_%D9%88%E2%80%9DBottom-Up%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0648&#8221;Bottom-Up&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;Top-Down&#8221;: \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<br \/>\n&#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221;: \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8\"><\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;Top-Down&#8221;: \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n&#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221;: \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641: \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221; \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%8A_%E2%80%9CTop-Down%E2%80%9D_%D9%88%E2%80%9DBottom-Up%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0648&#8221;Bottom-Up&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221; \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9\"><\/span>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9\"><\/span>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221; \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9\"><\/span>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0648&#8221;Bottom-Up&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 &#8220;Bottom-Up&#8221; \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<br \/>\n\u0646\u0646\u0635\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u062c&#8221;. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645: 02126202689 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<div style='text-align:center' class='yasr-auto-insert-visitor'><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0648&#8221;Bottom-Up&#8221;. \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":3580,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yasr_visitor_votes":{"stars_attributes":{"read_only":false,"span_bottom":false},"number_of_votes":0,"sum_votes":0},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.8 (Yoast SEO v24.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 &quot;Top-Down&quot; \u0648 &quot;Bottom-Up&quot;: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u061f - \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0698<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/samandezh.com\/ar-ae\/top-down-vs-bottom-up-method\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 &quot;Top-Down&quot; \u0648 &quot;Bottom-Up&quot;: \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627 &#8220;Top-Down&#8221; \u0648&#8221;Bottom-Up&#8221;. \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 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